By Lt. General P.C. Katoch (Retd) Former Director General of Information Systems, Indian Army

Prime Minister Narendra Modi's three-ASEAN nation visit to Indonesia, Singapore and Malaysia from May 29 to June 2 aimed at giving a substantive boost to India's ties with these countries in consonance with India's Act Eat Policy (AEP). His first stop was Indonesia which has been following a Free and Active Foreign Policy. This was Modi's first visit to Indonesia albeit Modi and Indonesian President Joko Widodo have held several bilateral meetings and have also met on the sidelines of multilateral fora like India-ASEAN summits and East Asia summits. President Widodo has visited India twice, on a state visit in December 2016 and in January 2018 to attend the India-ASEAN commemorative summit when the ASEAN leaders were chief guests at the Republic Day celebrations. Modi's recent visit to Indonesia also completed the round of bilateral visits by Modi to all 10 ASEAN countries. The visit accelerated the process of reviving the deep historical linkages that existed between India and Indonesia till a few decades ago. Significantly, Luhut Binsar Pandjaitan, Indonesian Minister for Maritime Affairs, who visited India in the run-up to Modi's visit, had sought Indian investment in the Sabang Special Economic Zone (SEZ). In Indonesia, Modi held productive discussions with Indonesian President Joko Widodo, followed by delegation level talks, and both countries signed 15 agreements, including for boosting defence cooperation and calling for freedom of navigation in the Indo-Pacific region. India-Indonesia elevated their bilateral ties to Comprehensive Strategic Partnership condemned terrorism in all its forms including cross-border terror. The 15 MOUs signed included:

• one, Agreement for cooperation Defence – including dilogue strategic defence issues, information exchange, military education, training, exercise and cooperation in humanitarian aid, disaster relief, peace-keeping etc;
• two, Framework Agreement on cooperation in exploration and uses of outer space;
• three; MOU on Scientific and Technological Cooperation – including ICT, marine science, energy, disaster management, geospatial information, applied chemistry etc.; four, MOU on Technical Cooperation in Railways Sector;
• five, MOU on Health Cooperation;
• six, MoU on Pharmaceutical, Biological and Cosmetics Regulatory Functions;
• seven, MOU on Policy dialogue between Governments and Interaction between Think Tanks;
• eight, MOU between Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration of India and National Institute of Public Administration of Indonesia (NIPA);
• nine, Exchange of plan of activities - to celebrate 70 years of diplomatic relations between India and Indonesia in the year 2019-20;
• ten, MOU between Kite Museum Ahmedabad and LayangLayang Gujarat;
• eleven, MOU between Archaeological Survey of India and PT Taman Wisata Candi Borobudur, Prambanan and Ratu Boko concerning World Cultural Heritage of Prambanan Temple and Taj Mahal;
• twelve, MOU between PT Pindad (PERSERO) and Bhukhanvala – for collaboration;
• thirteen, MOU between Confederation of Indian Industry and KADIN- for promoting economic, trade and technological cooperation etc;
• fourteen, MOU between International IIT Bangalore and Agency for Human Resources Development and Research on Communications and Informatics of Ministry of Communications and Informatics of Indonesia, and;
• fifteen, MOU between Himalaya Drug Company and PT Kalbe Farma – for setting up joint ventures.

The delegation level talks also resulted in following announcements: Tata (India) and PT Pindad (Indonesia) to collaborate for supply of TATA trucks; CII (India) to open its first overseas office in Jakarta, and; Letter of Intent signed in April 2018 for twinning Bali and Uttarakhand as sister provinces. India and Indonesia have been strategic partners since 2005. Indonesia is India's largest trading partner in the ASEAN region. Bilateral trade of $13.43 billion in 2016-17 has now reached $18 billion. Indian companies have invested $15 billion in Indonesian economy. Strengthening maritime security cooperation is a focus area. Sabang port in Aceh province is closest to Nicobar Islands. Presently, Sabang is underdeveloped but strategically important deep water port close to Malacca Straits through which a major part of India's east bound trade passes. In a joint press conference after discussions, Modi said India's AEP and the vision of SAGAR (Security and Growth for all in the Region) matched Widodo's Maritime Fulcrum Vision. Modi also said both countries will double efforts to take bilateral trade to US$ 50 billion by 2025 from US$ 18 billion in 2017. Widodo told media, "India is a strategic defence partner...and we will continue to advance our cooperation in developing infrastructure, including at Sabang Island and the Andaman Islands." Sabang Port, which is 40m deep, can be developed to accommodate both commercial vessels and submarines. Both leaders reiterated importance of achieving a peaceful and prosperous Indo-Pacific region where sovereignty, international law, freedom of navigation and overflight, sustainable development and an open and fair trade and investment system were respected. In an address to the Indian diaspora, Modi announced 30-day free visas for Indonesian citizens and invited Indians expatriates to visit India.

After Indonesia, Modi visited Malaysia where he met the newly elected Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohammad, who at 92-years of age won a stunning victory. Modi was the first foreign head of state to congratulate Mahatir Mohammad in person. The two leaders held productive discussions on bolstering bilateral strategic ties. After Malaysia, Modi visited Singapore. During his three-day visit to Singapore, Modi held wide-ranging talks with his Singaporean counterpart Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong and delivered a keynote address at the Shangri-La Dialogue – Modi being the first Indian head of state to do so at this premier defence and strategic affairs summit. In his keynote address Modi said India's vision for the Indo-Pacific region is a free, open and inclusive region that embraces all in a common pursuit of progress and prosperity. His emphasis was: Singapore is the gateway for India to the ASEAN and east; with bilateral trade growing, India and China must work together; India stands for a free, open, inclusive Indo-Pacific region; globalisation key to development and is for open and stable international trade regime, and equal access as a right under international law to the use of common spaces on sea and in the air that would require freedom of navigation, unimpeded commerce and peaceful settlement of disputes in accordance with international law.

Modi also called for an end to protectionism in this age of globalization, adding, "All of this is possible, if we do not return to the age of great power rivalries. I have said this before: Asia of rivalry will hold us all back. Asia of cooperation will shape this century." At a business event in Singapore, Modi launched three Indian mobile payment apps - RuPay, BHIM and State Bank of India. On the last day of his Singapore visit, Modi also met Jim Mattis, US Defence Secretary and discussed security related issues. He also visited the Changi Naval Base and met officers and sailors of the Indian Navy and Royal Singapore Navy. All in all, PM Modi's visit was strategically important given the backdrop of China's militarization, claims and aggressive activities in the East and South China Seas. Indonesia too has dispute with China pertaining to fishing rights. In its pursuit to become a 'great power', China is incrementally continuing to apply its hard and soft power, resulting in the need for affected nations to forge together. Some scholars are of the view that Indian investments in Sabang will be countered by China fortifying its bases in India Ocean Region (IOR). This is naïve because China is already going ahead full steam in establishing naval bases in IOR under the euphuism of "strategic Support Bases". The nations of the world need to work together in ensuring freedom of navigation, global commons and unhindered trade. This is where importance of the successful visit by Prime Minister Narendra Modi to these three ASEAN nations lies.