In a significant development for the military modernisation plan, India and the United States formally inked a deal worth ₹34,500 crore to acquire 31 Predator drones for the Indian armed forces. As per the terms of the negotiations, General Atomics which manufactures the Predator drones will also facilitate in setting up a Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul (MRO) facility in India. The MRO will be primarily for the Predator’s upkeep, maintenance and parts. GA has already collaborated with the Indian defence entity, Bharat Forge for the components and a maintenance hub for drones in India.

The General Atomics MQ-9B represents a significant advancement in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology. Designed for Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance (ISR), and strike missions, the MQ-9B is characterised by its stealth capabilities, long endurance, and versatility. As India explores the acquisition of such advanced UAVs, the establishment of an efficient Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul (MRO) infrastructure is crucial to ensuring operational readiness and longevity.

The Defence Acquisition Council (DAC), on June 15, 2023, accorded the Acceptance of Necessity (AoN) for the acquisition of 31 MQ-9B (16 Sky Guardian and 15 Sea Guardian) High Altitude Long Endurance (HALE) Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) for Tri-Services from the USA through Foreign Military Sale (FMS) route. The AoN included the number of UAVs to be procured along with associated equipment.

Further, the Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) also approved the acquisition of 31 drones last week. Out of 31 drones, India will receive 15 Predators, while the Air Force and the Army will each receive 8. There are already two drones on lease by the Indian Navy. As reported, there will be possibilities of adding combat capability by integrating air-to-air and air-to-surface missiles.

OVERVIEW OF MQ-9B PREDATOR

The MQ-9B drone is a variant of the MQ-9 “Reaper” a next-generation UAV designed to fulfil various military roles. In terms of endurance, it can remain airborne for over 35 hours with a payload which can carry four Hellfire missiles and around 450 kg of bombs.

India and the United States signed a deal worth ₹34,500 crore to acquire 31 Predator drones, with General Atomics set to establish a Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul (MRO) facility in India

The Predator has a top speed of 275 mph or 442 km/h at an altitude of around 50,000 feet above the ground which is higher than a commercial aircraft. Most importantly, it has the highest range of 2,000 miles without refuelling.

The aircraft is equipped with wide-range, advanced sensors, including electro-optical/infrared (EO/IR) cameras, synthetic aperture radar (SAR), and electronic warfare capabilities. Another key electronic is the multi-mode communication system.

IMPORTANCE OF MRO FOR MQ-9B

The operational effectiveness of the MQ-9B relies heavily on its MRO processes. Effective MRO ensures that the drone remains mission-ready, prolongs its service life, and reduces lifecycle costs.

Overall, the Indian MRO market is currently worth $1.7 billion for its commercial aircraft fleet (Source: Sec Research, DGCA). While the MRO potential, emphasizes the scope of the commercial sector, it adds to the concept of greater civilianmilitary fusion, leveraging the technologies. The MRO market is expected to increase at approximately nine per cent annually to reach $4 billion in 2031 with commensurate growth in the fleet.

However, only 15-20 per cent of this market is currently being serviced locally while 80-85 per cent is serviced overseas. Engine MRO accounts for about 50 per cent of this market and is almost exclusively serviced overseas.

While the single fact above illustrates significant value-added opportunities in the commercial spectrum, it outlines the need for addressing the MRO facility which suffices to justify the potential in the Indian MRO market. The key MRO components include preventive maintenance like regular inspections and scheduled maintenance are essential to identify potential issues before they escalate. This includes checks on airframe integrity, avionics, and propulsion systems.

• Corrective Maintenance: Quick and efficient repair processes are critical for minimising downtime. This involves troubleshooting, fault isolation, and replacement of defective components.
• Overhaul and Upgrades: Periodic overhauls are necessary to restore the drone to its optimal operational condition. This may involve significant upgrades to avionics, sensors, and weapon systems to keep pace with technological advancements.

MRO INFRASTRUCTURE IN INDIA

To support the 31 MQ-9B Predators, India must develop a robust MRO infrastructure, which could involve dedicated maintenance facilities. Establishing such specialised centres equipped with the latest technology for inspections, repairs, and modifications will add operation efficiency and save costs.

• Skilled Workforce: Training technicians and engineers in UAV maintenance practices, ensuring they are well-versed in the specific systems of the Predator.
• Supply Chain Management: Developing a reliable supply chain for spare parts and components to ensure quick availability and reduce lead times for repairs.
• Collaborative Partnerships: Engaging in partnerships with General Atomics or other global leaders in UAV technology can facilitate knowledge transfer and best practices in MRO.

Collaborations with global UAV leaders like General Atomics can facilitate knowledge transfer and the development of robust local MRO infrastructure, ensuring the drones’ operational efficiency and enhancing India’s defence capabilities

Additionally, the government is also boosting several military MROs which are specific to aircraft in India. For Example, global aerospace OEMs, France’s Dassault Aviation and the US’ Lockheed Martin and Boeing planning to establish MRO facilities in India.

CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS

While establishing MRO for the 31 MQ-9B presents several challenges, there are also viable solutions.

In terms of technological complexity, the advanced technology of the Predator requires specialised knowledge. This requires implementing comprehensive training programmes and workshops that can enhance the skill set of the local workforce.

Ensuring the logistical support is about the availability of spare parts and components can be challenging. In the long run, it must strive to develop local manufacturing capabilities or establish long-term contracts with suppliers that can help mitigate supply chain issues.

The General Atomics Predator represents a pivotal asset for India’s defence capabilities, particularly in enhancing ISR and strike capabilities. Establishing an effective MRO infrastructure is crucial to maximising the operational readiness and effectiveness of these advanced drones. By investing in training, technology, and partnerships, India can ensure that its UAV fleet remains at the forefront of modern warfare capabilities, contributing significantly to national security.